Ei- 2na Mara Châ Workshop Paper...

He post he keima ei kho kawpa vata ei vaw khopa a cha.MSA wesite liata copy ei vaw taopa a cha...Biehmiapa “Marapa zydua Mara châ thai khai thei nawpa ta” tahpa biepipa a duakheipa ta ei 2na Mara Châ Workshop châta Paper pachhuahpanoh awpa tovyuh nâ pietuhpazy hnohta alyna thata ei hnei.Mara mozy Mara châ kyh liata apôhkhana eima hnei thei nawpa nata eima kiathy via thei nawpa khokheina ei hnei hrapa vâta ei pahno pha theina ra -kha ei vaw pachhuahpanohpa a châ.Nochhi Marapazy hryta eimâ buakhei kawpa cha aohnaipa liata “h” hawhrawh baipa a châ. Pachâpahria tua leipa ta “h” hmâ a byuh vei, hmâ tiah-râh aw va na tahpa palôh phaoh leipa ta hmâhpachhi tua ta, a pha-pha lei reih awpa khohkheina ei hnei. A, Aw, B, Ch tahpa thabypa tawhta roh angiah khao ma pi. Chavâta he Paper liana heta a diduahpa taihta rohpa châ leipa ta a pachyu theina chhôhta ei vaw pachhuahpanoh. Pamosana mohchhozy he daihti liahsa pie ta a vaw pachâ theipazy châta a cha phahnaikhei cheingei aw ei tahpa hnabeiseihna ei hnei.He Paper liata pachâna phapa nâ pietuhpa Thomas K. Sabie nata Rev. Chatlai zy hnohta alyna bie ei reih. Vatha ACHHÔHBIEZYBo. 1 Mara Reih Nata Châ  Vaw ThaonaBo. 2 Mara Châ  Vaw Nano LaihnaBo. 3 Aopuana Hmâ DâhBo. 4 Aopuana PakaohpaBo. 5 Luhkhupa “^” NgianaBo. 6 Eimâ Buakhei Kawpa “H” HawhrawhBo. 7 "H" Hawhrawh Hmâpa Vâta Bie Yzie ÂnanozieBo. 8 "H" Hmâ Lei Awpa SuBo. 9 “H" Baipa nata "^" Luhkhupa Ta Bie Yzie Apanano TheizieBo. 10 Mohchho Pazao Awpa Nata Pazao Lei AwpaBo. 11 Daihti ReizieBo. 12 NawhbawBo. 13 Mara Mohchho Papôhsa Lymâ Awpa Bo.1Mara Reih Nata Châ  Vaw ThaonaReih he dusaw dusaw ta a vaw nano lymâpa châ ta, Mara reih he khati nota â vaw thao tahpa liahsa a laichadai theipa châ aw vei. Anodeikua Khazohpa Biehrai tawhta reih â vaw thaonapa pahno theipa a châ.Âthaona 11:9 liata 'Khazohpa chata chyhsa zydua reih panano khai ta, cha noh tawhta alei chô su to liata hiepatlâhpa ta ama ypa vâta he moh he bipa a châ' tah ta. Chavâta Mara reih âthaona daihti cha hlâno B.C.E 2269 rachhôh Nimrôd chhâ nota a châ tah hra ei sih la eima tah chhei nahta pangiasapa châ vei. Keimo tribal area liata a pahrâpa Chin chyhsazy, Kuki, Mizo zy pi he eima reih eima vaw chei tuachaina a sia kawpa ta a pahnopa y tlâ ma pi tahpa chhao my leipa ei sih la a pha aw.Captain S. R. Tickell ta 1852 kô nota a tao tahpa ta chyhsa thokha ta reih tyh ei ta, he he bie dopa a châ khiahtala, leh-mo (Chin) hryta châ a hnei tuachaipa eima châ aw. Anodeikua ano “a, aw, b, ch” taopa hmôpa y leipa ta, record a y hra lei vâta reipa deita a châ. Pitlohna hmô awpa y lei vâta a duakhei thai awpa deikua châ tu vei.Chyhsa hluh via ta eima pahnopa cha Rev. R. A. Lorrain ta 1908 kô, March thla ta a tao tahpa a châ. Ano he cha Mara châ ropa “a, aw, b, ch” a vaw tao hleikhô ta Grammar bu chhao a papua. Chahleikhô ta Biehrai, Hlabu nata Mekazin zy papuapa a châ hra. Chavâta, ano taopa he palaiseihsapa châ lymâ ta, â do viapa ta pahnopa chhao baichhi lymâpa a châ. He a ry liata R. A. Lorrain ta a châbu rohpa liatahpa bie heta maniah a chhopasia kaw:"……he râh liata akhy pi ta, Siku eima paduana chhâpa he Lushei (Mizo) reih ta pachu awpa ta a khypa châ leipa pi ta, eimâ chhuah chaipa cha Lakher (Mara) hawti Siku pangiasa ta, ama reih cheingei ta châ pachu awpa nata mohhôh awpa ta a khypa tlao eima châ." (R.A. Lorrain: Five Year in Unknown Jungle.—Page 22).Mara châ cheingei ta pachu awpa nata mohhôh awpa a khoh vâta Mara châ cha a vaw tao pathao lymâ tahpa a sia kawpa a châ. Chavâta, Mara châ ataotuhpa cha Rev. R. A. Lorrain tlai he a châ.Mara châ liata “hawhrawh” 24 y ta, “Aobôna” (17) nata, “Aopuana” (7) a châ.Reikah â ki via thei n’awpa ta eikha nota “Aopuana Pakaohpa” eima hmâpazy cha “ai, ao, yu, ei, ia, ua” zy a châ. Bo.2Mara Châ  Vaw Nano LaihnaReihto liata Châ-reih Pananona a y tyhpa hawh hrata Mara châ liata Pananona vaw y hra ta, cha cha eima hmahsie viana a châ.Eikha nota Mara Biehrai liata châ rodâh cha he hawhta:1) Eima Beipa Mania Pachhah-tupa Zisu Krisita Bihrai Thipa (1968)2) Khazopa Chabu Pathaipa Bihrai Paropa nata Bihrai Thipa Pahlypa (RV)1978 kô rakha tawhta Chhaolô khihpa Puhpa S. Hrachu ta Beitlychaokawh pavaw sâreih tawhta Mara reih ao hnai chaipa “do” level maih liata “h” hmâ awpa pachâna a vaw puakhei. Maw reih hâ lana châ vei.Cha daihti rakha tawhta Mara châ liata Aopuana Pakaohpa “ie” he vaw baichha ei ta, Mara châ eima roh nota yzie vaw hnei via ta, rei chhao vaw nao via syulyu ta, châ eima rei ti chhaota âhnykhawna y leipa ta, sia ngaitapa ta rei theipa a vaw châ haw.He hawhta Mara reih hmahsiena châta pachâna phapa a vaw puakheituhpazy chôta alyna rei awpa eimâ bâh.Atanoh Mara zawpi ta eima pahnokheipa Chhâthieh Mara Châ liata,1) hawhrawh 24: “A-a, AW-aw, Y-y, B-b, CH-ch, D-d, E-e, F-f, H-h, I-i, K-k, L-l, M-m, N-n, NG-ng, O-o, Ô-ô, P-p, R-r, S-s, T-t, U-u, V-v, Z-z” tahpa ta hnei pi ta,2) Aobôna 17: “B-b, CH-ch, D-d, F-f, H-h, K-k, L-l, M-m, N-n, NG-ng, P-p, R-r, S-s, T-t, V-v, Z-z”3) Aopuana 7: “A-a, Aw-aw, Y-y, E-e, I-i, O-o, Ô-ô, U-u”4) Aopuana Pakaohpa 7: “AO-ao, YU-yu, AI-ai, EI-ei, IA-ia, IE-ie, UA-ua” tahpazy hmâpa ta Mara châ he sia ngaitapa ta eima roh thei haw.Chhâ Parohpa nata Chhâ Thiehpa châ rodâh mopatlâh tua ei suh vy:1) Eima Beipa Mania Pachhah-tupa Zisu Krisita Bihrai Thipa (1968)2) Khazopa Chabu Pathaipa Bihrai Paropa nata Bihrai Thipa Pahlypa (RV)3) Khazohpa Châbu Pathaihpa Biehrai Parohpa nata Biehrai Thiehpa Pahlyhpa (2007-CL)Marapa thokha ta chi hropa chyhsazy taopa Mara châ liata âphahlanazie, atloh-leinazy vaw pahnopasia laih ei ta, Mara châ rodâh liata yzie hnei kawpa ta ama vaw panano haw. He he "Language/Literature Revolution" tah theipa a châ. Tawhta Puhpa Zakia pachhuahpanohpa vâta Mara Grammar bu pha kawpa eima vaw hnei haw hra. He rakha tawhna heta Mara châ ro dâh chhao yzie vaw hnei via rili ta hmah a vaw sie via lymâ.Châhrasala, nochhi Mara mozy pi ta he hawhta ama vaw pananopa he a vaw pykhei khoh thai ma pi. Atanoh taihta doh level liata "h" a hmâh khoh leipa hluhpi eima y chy. Chavâta châ eima roh tita pakha nata pakha alyu thai tlâ leipa pi ta, Padona Ri (Standard) ahnei leipa châ nata reih hawhta eima khodâh hawhta eima vaw roh chyu haw. Chavâta Leh-mo hryta châ a hnei tua chaipa eima châ tarawpa ta châ kyh liata hmah asie lei chaipa eima vaw châ haw. Reihpahmaohna (15 Min).Bo.3Aopuana HmâdâhMara reih he reih a ngia ngaitapa châ ta, reih hneirôh kawpa chhao a châ. Marapa thokha ta Mara châ tita reih ama pasô via laih lymâpa he aly â chhih kaw. Mara reih he pasô ngaitapa ta cheih taraw pi ta, châ eima roh tita deikua eima hmâ hmeihseihpa Tlôsaih reih he eima thai kaw lei vâta a rodâh chhao chatlupo ta vaw thai mâh leipa pi ta, eimâ palâlao khei kaw tyh. Chavâta Aopuana hmâdâh he liah-sa eima pachâpahmaoh khiahtala vâro eima thôhkhei aw.(I) A-a"A-a" he Mara Reih ta "A-a, AE-ae, Â-â" tahpa ta pho thôh ta parosa theipa a châ.1. Pakah â tu leipa "A-a"He hawhta:Pahlaopahli; pasana; parosapa; pamosana; Khazohpa;Khizaw nata chyhsapa taona kyhAbeipa ta a tah.Cha chyhsa cha khataih liata a y?Khazia pasapa ta ei y aw?Sôh hryhna kyh liata viasa thapasana y vei.2. "AE-ae" tahpa ta Parosapa "A-a"He hawhta:chatanachata (chaetanachaeta); chaphôhtuna (chaephôhtuna)He sâh he pha (phae) ta, a pata (patae) kaw. Alypazy cha alykhei u la, chapazy cha chakhei teh u.—Rm. 12:15.Mara Châ Rodâh Chhâ Parohpa liata “ae” tahpa ta parosapa liata "ah" tahpa he hmâpa a châ.3. Pakah âpa ta Parosapa "A-a"He hawhta:Eima tâkâzy chhâ khai ha tlôh ta.Khâpa dâh ma parao haw na ta einâ vaw chadai chi?Cha cha khâpa mâ ma a châ bao hra?Ei mâ thlâh haw.Khôtho lâ â râ papua haw.Keimo eimâ mâ hlâta ama vaw pih lymâ thlâhpa a châ.Nâ mâ mâh ma?Mo hropa ta einâ ngiakhâh lymâ ei.—Zhn 5:7.(II) "AW-aw"Tlâh-awkhei teh u!Byhnâ aw pa aw na ta, saw hluhpi nata pathla hluhpi ei pie aw.—Ât 17:20.Nama kho ta nie aw eichi ta, chichei hrohpazy chhao nama nie hra aw.—Ât 9:3.Awhsi nama hmôpa khi ahy ma a tao?—Isa 40:26.(III) "Y-y" (AU-au)"Y-y" he phono ta parosa theipa châ ta, Notla Mara mozy ta "y" tahpa ta parosa ei ta, Nochhi Mara mozy pi ta "au" tahpa ta parosapa a châ tyh.He hawhta:Sawphy ky (Sawphau kau); kyhpachâna (kauhpachâna); rytu; (rautu); ahy (ahau); kykaryhpa (IV) "E-e"He he khâpa e a châ?Ahy chi e?Khazia e he hawhta ei chô liata hmo na tao?—Ât 12:18.He laihsa he lahpinô ta na hiapa teh, ei khoh kaw.He chyhsa thâtih he kheihta e a châ aw?(V) "I-i"A-ikô; chhihtha; kyhchhina (kauhchhina); ngâchhih; chichhihna; rili; itlypa;Amo cha nodi-dâhphipa nata chasipa ta ama thi aw.Ei viahchao ta sâhpiti hluhpi a papua.(VI) "O-o"Nochhi Mara thokhazy ta "O-o" he "ei" ao ta parosapa châ ta, English ta “OU-ou” ta parosapa a châ hra.Moh (name); o (house); mo (eye); poh; sona (wisdom)(VII) "Ô-ô" Luhkhu chhaopa "Ô-ô" English "o" parosadâh nata alyupa a châ. Alô; bôkalie; Chônôchai; dôvei; dôh; kô; lâthlôh; lô-o; meiôh; nôpaw; pôhpa (body); sôh; tô; chanô kôpa; patôhpatiaIzarel sawzy cha pôh via lymâ ei ta, ama tha tlô ngaita kaw ta.Ama chô liata hriena rarôh-ypa ei patlôsa aw.ABEIPA ta tôhkalôhpa pathuasa ta, dohla vaw pathlie ta.Tho zydua chhao thlie pachhô khai haw ta.Nohchhô ta ameihtôh cha zawpi hmiakô liata khâ y lymâ ta, zâ ta meitôh cha ama hmiakô liata a y lymâ hra.Ama asei cha theilâpa kô taina chazôh lâta ama daih aw.Hneirôhna cha a dôvei hmâhpa a châ.Nama chôta hmo a vaw tlôpa he hmô veih ei chi ma?Ngôh meiôh tôh ei hmô.(VIII) "U-u"Châbu; achuna; dusaw; pâpuh; papu; chapu; tu Zisu cha pachutuhpa phapa, mietahkuvaihtuh phapa a châ.My pati vaw nie teh u. Bo.4Aopuana PakaohpaMara châ liata aopuana pakaohpa (7) hnei pi ta, chazy cha "ao, yu, ai, ei, ia, ie, ua" zy a châ.(I) "AO-ao"Ao; aoh-mâ; ahaona; baona; chachhao; daophi; maohphaoh; pakao; palalao; pamao; papao; paphao; tlôhkhaoh; taoZawpizy chhaota a pahmaohpakhy ei ta...Hla. 47:9.Hmoparaopazy cha y khao khah ei se.—Hla. 104:35.Khizaw he a aohraohna chhaota a leidia hai.—1 Zh. 2:17.(II) “YU-yu”Maohphyuh; Adyuhna; lyu; pasyu; pachyu; mongyuh; vyuhpa;Sie syulyu teh u!Maohphyuh kawpa ta khâ ei y tyh.—Hla. 44:15.Abei myuhnô y, ei biereipa he vaw nahthlie teh.—Hla. 45:10.Thyudyupa na châ thlâh nota châ taotuhpa cha a thei thlâh ha teh.—Biech. 12:1.Khazohpa cha ryureituhpa Biechaipa a châ.(III) "AI-ai"No-ai; aichhihpa; khaihna; khaipâ; siesai (fiefai); pa-hnai; pheisaihTâkâ sôh tlaichhaipa he moleina to thabypa a châ.—1 Tim. 6:10.(IV) "EI-ei"Abeipa; keima eih; hmeihseihpa; heisai (hiefai); pheisaih; tei; meireih; pahneihEi hnabeiseihna cha Khazohpa liata ei pahnieh aw.Kei cheingei ta ei reih.Biehmeihseihpa ei cha chho ei.Nâmo ta kyh eina pachâ eichi khiahtala, ei biepiepazy nama zyh aw.—Zhn. 14:15.(V) "IA-ia"Cha-ia; lô-iah; piahpa; mosiapa; pachia; padia; phia; pasia; tiah; tiama; pazia; zawngiahnaNa chhithaina ta Abei hia patliasa aw ta...Hlazy 45:11 (VI) "IE-ie"Ngiachhiena; Biepiena; tao chiehpa;Nie awpa ei cha pie aw ei.Ngiachhiepa ta eima hmia lâta sie chhielie la, dusaw ta eima cha vaw pazi aw.A sie chatlie.(Nochhi Mara mozy pi ta "ei" nata "ie" he pananosa kaw ma pi. Mohchho hluh via liahsa eimâ laichadai nahta "ie" tahpa he pakah cha-iapâpa reikahzy liata hmâ viapa a châ tahpa pahno theipa a châ.)(VII) "UA-ua"pabuapabâ; papua; chaluah; pachhuahpanoh; padua; phuah; phuahluahna; vâsua; tua; zua; zualuaCha pahluh aw na ta, thluahruapa ta ei cha pa-ysa aw.—Nh. 3:5. “AU-au”“Y-y” tahpa hawhrawh he “AU-au” tahpa ta rei tyhpa châ taraw ta, “Au-au” tahpa Aobôna Pakaohpa he moh eihpa eima roh tita hmâ âbyuh cheingeipa hawhta pahnopa a châ.Pamoasana:Haidau, Kehnau , Zôdau,Bo.5Luhkhupa “^” NgianaMara châ liata luhkhu chhaopa hawhrawh “Â-â” nata “Ô-ô” tahpa sâno hnei pi ta, luhkhupa ta bie yzie thata a panano theipa vâta luhkhu chhaopa hawhrawhzy he rai â parusa leipa ta hmâh cheingei awpa a châ. Pamosana Mohchho:A, Â; Ba, bâ; bo, bô; cha, châ; cho, chô; chha, chhâ; chho, chhô; da, dâ; do, dô; ko, kô; lo, lô; mo, mô; no, nô; o, ô; po, pô; ro, rô; so, sô; to, tô; vo, vô; zo, zôBo.6Eimâ Buakhei Kawpa “H” HawhrawhEimâ buakhei kawpa sâkha cha “h” hmâ, hmâ lei tahpa he a châ.Chyhsa thokha ta “h” eima hmâpa he linguistic view ta eima pachâ khiahtala, ado vei ama tah tyh. Mizo nata Hiahkha châ liata hmâpa hawhta “H-h” he reihchahrâhpa ta parosapa na a châ tahpa ta amâ pyh chyu. Chavâta “H-h” he kheihta e reih hropazy ta ama hmâ tahpa pachâpahmaoh tua ei suh vy.“H-h” chôchâh Encarta 2006 liata he hawhta rohpa a châ:"H, eighth letter of the English and Latin alphabets. Originally derived from the Semitic 2, cheth, the letter represented the sound of an aspirate (see Phonetics) in the Greek and Latin alphabets, as it does usually in modern English. In vernacular Latin the aspiration was dropped. As a result, h is normally silent in the Romance languages, as it is in many English words, such as honor. It is silent also in several English dialects and is pronounced erroneously or dropped in the Cockney dialect of London. The letter h combines into digraphs [ng, ch, etc..] with other consonants to form various consonant sounds."Mara reih ta a pachyupa ta palie ei sih la, ‘English nata Latin hawhrawh sâchariena H he (Bama reih ta) Ha-Htoe ao ta parosapa a châ. Romance reihzy liata h he Hawhrawh Chalihpa a châ.Internet Wikipedia liata he hawhta rei theipa a châ heih:"In the International Phonetic Alphabet, this symbol is used to represent two sounds. Its lowercase form, [h], represents the voiceless glottal fricative, and its small capital form, [?], represents the voiceless epiglottal fricative."H is the eighth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in both British and American English is spelled aitch[1] (pronounced /e?t?/) in most dialects, though in Irish, Singaporean, South Indian English and very occasionally British English it is haitch /he?t?/. … In the International Phonetic Alphabet, this symbol is used to represent two sounds. Its lowercase form, [h], represents the voiceless glottal fricative or 'aspirate', and its small capital form, [?], represents the voiceless epiglottal fricative.IPA lia chhaota H he Hawhrawh Chalihpa ta hmâpa a châ.H occurs as a single-letter grapheme (with value /h/ or silent) and in various digraphs, such as ch (/t?/, French /?/, Greek and Italian /k/, German & Scots /x/), gh (silent, /g/, or /f/) , ph (Greek words with /f/), rh (Greek words with /r/), sh (/?/), th (either /?/ like thin or /ð/ like then), wh (either /w/, /?/or /f/: see wine-whine merger). In transcriptions of other writing systems, zh may occur (as in Russian Doctor Zhivago); this is generally pronounced /?/ in English, although this rendition is not necessarily faithful to the sound in the original language (as in the case of pinyin transcriptions).H is silent in a syllable rime, as in ah, ohm, dahlia, cheetah, pooh-poohed. H is often silent in the weak form of some function words beginning with H, including had, has, have, he, her, him, his. H is silent in some words of Romance origin:• Initially in heir, honest, honour, hour; for American English usually also herb [urb, hurb], and sometimes homage [hómmij, ómmij]; as well as non-anglicized loanwords such as hors-d'oeuvres • Internally in silhouette [silo ét], chihuahua [ch?/sh? w? waa], and often piranha [pi r?ny?, pi r?n?]• For some speakers, also in an initial unstressed syllable, as "an historic occasion"; to retain the "an" and pronounce the H may be considered affected.• After ex when x has value /gz/, as exhaust [ig záwst].• For many speakers, after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed, as annihilate [? n? ? làyt], vehicle [v? ìk'l, v? hìk'l] (but not vehicular).Usage in SpanishIn Spanish, H is a silent letter with no pronunciation, as in hijo [?ixo] ('son'), hola [?ola] ('hello'), and hábil [?a?il] ('skillful'). The spelling reflects an earlier pronunciation of [h] did exist. The [h] sound exists in a number of dialects in Spanish, either as a syllable-final allophone of /s/ (for example Andalusia, Argentina or Cuba - vg. esto [?eht?o] 'this' , or as a dialectal realization of Standard /x/ (for example Mexican caja [?kaha] 'box' ).Usage in FrenchIn the French language, the name of the letter is pronounced /a?/.The French language classifies words that begin with this letter in two ways that must be learned to use French properly, even though it is a silent letter either way. The h muet, or "mute h", is considered as though the letter were not there at all, so masculine nouns get the article le replaced by the sequence l'. Similarly, words such as un, whose pronunciation would elide onto the following word would do so for a word with h muet.Usage in GermanIn the German language, the name of the letter is pronounced /ha?/.In the German language, this letter is used in the digraph "ch" and the trigraph "sch" to indicate completely different sounds. Following a vowel, it often silently indicates that the vowel is long: In the word erhöhen "heighten", only the first represents /h/.In 1901, there was a spelling reform which eliminated the silent in nearly all instances of in native German words such as thun "to do" or Thür "door". It has been left unchanged in words derived from Greek, such as Theater "theater" and Thron "throne", which continue to be spelled with even after the last German spelling reform.Spanish, French, German tahpa reihzy chhaota H-h he Hawhrawh Chalihpa ta hmâpa a châ.Chavâta, chyhsa hluh via ta ama hmâpa reihzy chhaota "h" he Reih Chahrâhpa ta pachâ leipa ei ta, "Hawhrawh Âchalihpa" ta tlai ama hmâ via hri. Chakhiahla, khâpa vâta "H-h" he Reih Chahrâhpa ngiana ta eima pachâ ha tyh tly. Achhâpa cha, Mara Biehrai eima hneipa, Hiakha nata Mizo reih liata ama hmâdâh zy vâta he hawhta pachâna eima hnei chyupa tlao a châ."H-h" he English liata "Hawhraw Âchalihpa" a châpa vâta "H-h" chhaopa mohchho thokha cha "H-h" ao chhao lei haw ta, thokha liata ao-nainôhpa ta parosapa a châ tyh.Pamosana:Silent h: heir [er]; honest [ónn?st]; honor [ónn?r]; hour [owr];Unstressed h: Oprah; exhibition [èks? bísh'n]; GrahamGh = g: Afghanistan; aghast [agást]; Ghana; gherkin [gúrkin]; ghetto; ghost; ghoulRh = r: rhetoric [rétt?rik]; rheumatism [r?m? tìzz?m]; rhino [r?n?]; Rohde Islan; rhubarb [r?b?rb]; rhythm [rí?h?m]; rhyme [r?m]Th = t: Thai; Thames; Thomas; Theresa; thymeEnd with H = though [th?], weigh [way]Names end with h = Isaiah, Jehovah, Jeremiah, Zechariah; hallelujah [hállil?y?] or halleluiahAchô lâta pamosana mohchhozy liahsa eima pachâ nahta khâpa e pahnopasia theipa a châ?"H-h" hawhrawh he Reikah Chahrâhpa châta hmâ, hmâ lei tahpa he a buakhei kaw awpa châ vei. Reikah Chahrâhpa châta a hmâhpa châ-reih a hneipazy y aw ei ta, ado vei tah theipa châ leipa ta, Reikah Nainôhpa, Reikah Pasipa ngiana châta a hmâhpa châ-reih a hneipazy y hra aw ei ta, ado vei tah theipa châ hra vei. A chhâpa cha "hawhrawh" cha reikah pahnothai, theithai n'awpa "ngiana" dei châ thlâh ta, Mara mo pi ta "H-h" he Ao-hnaipa do level châta "ngiana" châ se tahpa ta eimâ tlyh ha hripa tlao a châ.Mara reih ao-siezie he "Tonic Solfa" tawhta mo pakhopa ta Do-Re-Mi tahpa ta thlie khai theipa a châpa ta pahnopa châ ta, âpathuna "do" level lia maihta 'h' hawhrawh he bai lymâ awpa a châ.Chavâta Mara reih roh nota eima cheipa ao-siezie hawh tlaita roh hra awpa châ ta, “do” level liata “h” bai lymâ awpa a châ.He hawhta a châ vâta, reih hropazy chhaota “h” cha mohchho chhâna (suffix) liata ama so tita ao apua khao leipa hawhta Mara ao-hnaipa chhâna lia maihta “h” bai he a peina y rai vei eima tah thei awpa a châ. Reihpamaohna (10 Min.)Bo.7"H" Hawhrawh Hmâpa Vâta Bie Yzie ÂnanozieMara reih liata ao eima papuadâh ta bie yzie thata a panano theipa vâta, reih hropazy (European Languages) hawhta mopatlâh thaipa châ vei.Pamosana Bietlâh:He po he a chy tu, a bu tlâ châ vei. (F)He poh he a chy tu, a bu tlâh châ vei. (T)He poh he a chyh tu, a bu tlâh châ vei. (T)Ano cha chysa riaphapa châ ta, a ria chhao a pha. (F)Ano cha chyhsa riahphapa châ ta, a ria chhao a pha. (T)Ano cha chyhsa riaphapa châ ta, a riah chhao a pha. (T)Ti a thai. (T)Ti a thaih. (T)A ry ei ta. (F)A ryh ei tah.—Ât 30:34. (T)Pamosana Mohchho:Â, Âh; Aw, awh; ai, aih; ao, aoh; ba, bah; bai, baih; bao, baoh; bei, beih; bi, bih; bie, bieh; bo, boh; byu, byuh; châ, châh; chei, cheih; chao, chaoh; chhâ, chhâh; chhei, chheih; chhi, chhih; chho, chhoh; chhô, chhôh; dâ, dâh; dao, daoh; do, doh; dô, dôh; ei, eih; hmo, hmoh; hno, hnoh; sa, sah; sâ, sâh; sao, saoh; sei, seih; si, sih; thi, thih; thie, thieh; thô, thôh; vy, vyh; zao, zaoh; zo, zoh; …Bo.8"H" Hmâ Lei Awpa SuExceptional case ta Aohnaipa liata "h" hmâ lei awpa su sâkha a y. Moh Eihpa roh tita, "h" he aohnaipa ngiana châ ta hmâ abyuh vei.Pamosana:Vakhaitha, K. Hliesa, Sathau, Hrovai, VahliHe chhao he India Sawhkhâ liata registered tao chiehpa Moh parao a ru vâta ama hmâh leipa a châ thei aw. Bo.9“H" Baipa nata "^" Luhkhupa Ta Bie Yzie Apanano TheizieChâ eima roh tita, Mara reih ao-siezie hawh tlaita roh awpa a châ. Pamosana Bietlâh:Ahia eina hia. (F)Âhiah eina hiah. (T)Âhiah einâ hia. (T)Alo a ia kaw. (F)Alôh a iah kaw. (T)Pala ta pala pala ta. (F)Pala la a pala haw. (F)Pâlâh ta pala palâ ta. (T)Palâ lâ a palâh haw. (T)Chavy a vy. (F)Chavyh a vyh. (T)Chavyh â vy. (T)Ato nama pia khai ma ma? (F)Atôh namâ pia khai mâh ma? (T)Na lapino cha tlo ta! (F)Na lahpinô châ (is) tlôh ta! (T)Na lahpinô cha (weep) tlôh ta! (T) Pamosana Mohchho: A, â, âh; ba, bâ, bâh; cha, châ, châh; cho, choh, chô, chôh; da, dâ, dâh; do, doh, dô, dôh; ha, hâ, hâh; hma, hmah, hmâ, hmâh; hmo, hmoh, hmô; hno, hnoh, hnô, hnôh; ko, koh, kô, kôh; kha, khâ, khâh; kho, khoh, khô; la, lâ, lâh; ma, mâ, mâh; mo, moh, mô; na, nah, nâ, nâh; no, noh, nô, nôh; o, ô, ôh; pa, pâ, pâh; po, poh, pô, pôh; sa, sah, sâ, sâh; so, soh, sô, sôh; ta, tah, tâ, tâh; to, toh, tô, tôh; va, vah, vâ, vâh; vo, vô, vôh; za, zâ, zâh; zo, zoh, zô, zôh;Pachha, pachhâ, pachhâh; pada, padâ, padâh; pakha, pakhâ, pakhâh; pala, palâ, palâh; pasa, pasah, pasâ, pasâh; paza, pazâ, pazâh; pazo, pazô, pazôh;Chavâta, aosâhpa nata aohnaipa ta bie yzie a panano tlôh khiahta cha rodâh chhao ânano cheingei awpa he a su via chai ngyu aw. Pakhona ta English reih liata “know” nata “no” he a pronunciation a lyupa châ ta, he chhao he “no” “no” tah raih-rie ei sala chârona liata â bua kaw aw. A sentence rei ta pahno theipa a châ aw eima tah khiah cha eima châ pitloh leizie â lâ kaw aw. Mara reih he hneirôh kaw ta, a châ rodâh deikua he palaiseihsa ngâ haipa a châ tahpa a sia kaw. Aohnaipa liata “h” bai he eima khoh vei khiah cha a hropa (alternative) solution a peimawh pyly aw tahpa a pasia kaw. “H” baileipa ta aohnaipa hmâdah hropa pachâna a y khiah cha pitloh kawpa ta pachâna thyupa châ sala a pha hmih kaw hra. Chata châ leipa ta “h” baikhoh tlôh lei, pachâna hropa thyu tlôh lei cha rairuna eimâ tyhpa châ pathla pyly vei tahna a châ aw. Cha cha eima tao hlâta cha “h” bai thlâh awpa he lâpi a y chhôhpa a châ chy hra.Tawhta, eima pahno awpa cha aohnaipa liata “h” bai awpa nata bai lei awpa he keimo Mara sawzy rei a châ. Mongyuh reih ta ‘There is no hard and fast rule’ ama tahpa hawh ta, hmâ awpa nata hmâ lei awpa ta dâh y tlâ hlei vei tahpa chhao eima palôh liata sohpâ hra ei sih la. Tawhta, Tlôsaih reih ta rohpa a châ vâta, Chapi-Ngephe, Tisi-Ratuh, Lielai-Heima reih a cheihpazy châta cha Tlosaih reih tawhta ao eima thlie â byuh aw. Chata eima thlie khiah cha “h” bai cha hmo nao kawpa chhao a châ hra.Bo.10Mohchho Pazao Awpa Nata Pazao Lei AwpaMara reih he châ ta eima roh tita âpazaona nata pazao leina liata thata eimâ buakhei kaw tyh hra. Mara Karama he English zy, Bama zy hawhta a châ khai leipa vâta reih hropa Karama tawhta thlie tita eimâ bua thei hra. Pamosana ta Bama Grammar he “Nine parts of Speech” y ta, châ ama roh tita deikua mohchho ta pachhaih leipa ei ta , “phrase” ta ama pachhaih. English cha “Eight parts of Speech” hnei ta, cha hawh tlai ta mohchho ama pachhaih hra (He goes to School).Mara châ eima roh tita Noun (moh), Pronoun (Mohvyuhpa), Adjective (Mohki), Verb (biepi), Adverb (Biebaipa), Postposition (Su Dychakhina), Conjunction (Biepazaona), Interjectin (Chhôhkhai) tahpa Mara mohchho zydua he roh pazao lymâ awpa a châ.Pamosana:1. He is a good teacher.He = ano (pronoun)Is = a châ (Verb)Good = aphapa (Adjective)Teacher = pachutuhpa (Noun)Ano cha pachutuhpa phapa a châ.Note: “Pachutuhpa aphapa” châ khao leipa ta, “pachutuhpa phapa” a châ.1. God is love.God = Khazohpa (Noun)Is = a châ; châ tlôh ta. (Verb)Love = kyhpachâna. (Noun)Khazohpa cha kyhpachâna châ tlôh ta.1. Do not forsake me.Do not = (tah, tao) kha; (veipa; leipa) (verb)Forsake = siesai (verb)Me = keima; na (pronoun) Na siesai kha.(1) Noun (Moh) Pamosana Zisu, Khazohpa, Abeipa, kyhpachâna, Zerusale, Mara, viahchao, ramawh, areisina, thapasana, ... (Pazao lymâ awpa)(2) Pronoun (Mohvyuhpa) Pamosana Ama, âmo, ano, eina, keima, keimo, maniah, nama, nâma, nâmo, sasyh, keisasyh, anosasyh, nâsasyh, ... (Pazao lymâ awpa)(3) Adjective (Mohki) Pamosana Aphapa, avyhpa, chichhihpa, rôhnahpa, riahchhiepa, riaphapa, ngâchhihpa, nônaipa, ... (Pazao lymâ awpa)(4) Verb (Biepi) Pamosana Chalei, pachha, pachu, pamosa, pangiasa, pabuapabâ, reipasao, ... (Pazao lymâ awpa)(5) Adverb (Biebaipa) PamosanaChachei, chaimâh, chakhyh, cheita, chatlie, lalih, kathluh, ngaita, ngâsâ, raruah, siahlia, thata, tiah-râh, ... (Pazao lymâ awpa)(6) Postposition (Su dychakhina) Pamosana Chata, liata, tawhta, chôta, ryta, lâta, kiahpâh, rachhôh, chheipâh, khôtho, likawh, mathi, machha, hnohta, rakha, paita, ... (Pazaw lymâ awpa)(7) Conjunction (Biepazaona) Pamosana Nata, chatawhcha, chatanacha, chatanachata, châhrasala, anodeikua, amadeicha, khiahtala, tlyma, hlâta, ... (Pazao lymâ awpa)(8) Interjection (Chhôhkhai) Pamosana Aizavaw!Azavy! Azy! Azi! ... (Pazao lymâ awpa) “PA-pa” Mohchho Pazao awpa nata Pazao Lei AwpaAry liatahpa he moh la vâro nâ thôhkhei aw. Eimâ buakhei kawpa mohchho sâkha cha "PA/pa" he a châ.Mara reih liata "pa" he Mohki (Adjective) baotuhpa (suffix) a châpa vâta mohchho sâkha liata bai pâ lymâ awpa châ ta, Biebaipa liata bai theipa a châ hra.He hawhta:A phapa y tlâ vei.A vyhpa lah ei khoh.A laipa y vei.A hmohpa y vei.A tlâhpa ta.Ei hmôpa kha châ vei.Paripa ta yna he hruna a châ.Khazia e he hmo rarôh-y ngaitapa he na tao?—Ât 4:10.Pâpuh y, ngiachhie ngâsâpa ta nâma hnohta bie reihpa bâh na pasaih teh."TA/ta" Mohchho Pazao Awpa nata Pazao Lei Awpa“Ta-ta” tahpa he Mara Karama liata “Biekai” tah ei sih la, English ta “Particle,” Bama ta “Pyitsi” ama tahpa nata a lyupa a châ. Bama Karama liata “Phrase” pachhaihpa a châpa vâta pazao lymâpa châ ta, English ta pachhaih lymâpa a châ. Mara Biehrai Thiehpa (CL) liata a pachhaih lymâpa vâta rei nao via ta, roh a nao via hrapa a lyu.Mara châ ama vaw tao tua nota “ta” tahpa “Biekai” Bama zy, Mizo zy hawhta pazao lymâpa châ ta, âsu thai leipa vâta panano hapa a châ.Pamosana:Abaraha-ta Aisika sa ta … (1968)Abaraha ta Aisika sa ta … (CL)Exceptional Case ta "TA-ta" pazao awpa suzy a y:Chata, châta, chhaota, deita, heta, khata, hawhta, nata, nahta, nota, tita, taihta, tawhta, hnohta, liata, khata, chyhta, dita, lâta, vâtaKhataih liata na y?—Ât 3:9.Ama palôh phaozie a pahno nahta, … a ngiapachhi ngaita ta.—Ât 6:5, 6.Izi râhri tawhta Eupharate chavah taihta.—Ât 15:18.He biehraina he na hnohta na tao aw.—Ât 17:4.Kei cha azahnia zâ khata a hnohta a zia ha na ta.—Ât 19:34.Chyhsa lahpinô na o lâ nâ chhipa vâta na thi awpa a châ.—Ât 20:3.He chanô sawchapawpa heta na ryu a chyhta hmah to aw vei.—Ât 21:10.Mie a chei dita ta, a vyhpa â chapiapa cha na hlao awpa a châ aw.—Ât 31:8.Pamosana:A tlâhpa ta sy.A tlâhpata ta sy.Khazoh pata (F)Khazohpa ta (T)Ngaita pata (F)Ngaitapa ta (T)Alei ta taopa châ chi ta, alei lâta na kua heih aw.—Ât 3:19. 1 Kaw 12:16: “Nakao-ta, Mokhao ei cha leipa vata, pôpa liatapa cha va na, tah sala, cha va chata pôpa liatapa cha leipata cha vei.” (1968)1 Kaw 12:16: “Nahkhao heta, "Mo ei cha leipa vata pôpa liata a hlaopa cha va na," tah sala, cha vana chata pôpa liata a hlao leipa cha hlei vei.” (RV)1 Kaw 12:16: “Nahkao heta "Mo ei châ leipa vâta pôhpa liata a hlaopa châ va na tah ha sala, cha vâna chata pôhpa liata a hlao leipa châ hlei vei.” (CL) “NA/na” Pazao Awpa nata Pazao Lei Awpa"NA" tahpa mohchho chhao he eimâ buakhei pâ tyh hra. "NA" tahpa he "Moh" Baotuhpa (Suffix) tah hmâpa a châ khiahla, Biepi (Verb) mohchho liata bai lymâ awpa châ heta, Biebai (Adverb) liata bai theipa a châ hra.He hawhta:Khazohpa cha kyhpachâna châ tlôh ta.Ei ly kawna chhâpa.Bietlâh pachhâna châta hmâpa a châ khiahta cha, pazao lei awpa a châ aw.He hawhta:Ei châ ly kaw na.A pha thlâh bao na.Hrona tho cha lyupa ta nie aw ta, chhâzaw ta a hroh pathlei aw na.—Ât 3:22.He eina hriena chi heta, kei châta a pasa tu haw, tao thei va na.—Ât 4:13. do kaw na.—Ât 18:21. “A-a” nata “Â-â” Mohchho Pazao awpa nata Pazao Lei Awpa.Biehmiapa Châta Hmâpa "A-a" nata "Â-â"Moh (Noun) thokha liata "A-a" he Biehmiapa (Prefix) châta hmâ awpa a châ.Pamosana: Achhaihna daihti a vaw tlô haw.Adyhna; ahaona; alyna; âpalaina; âreisinaAhrupa; arupa; asohpa; Athaipa; Athipa; AtlâhleipaPamosana:Achhaihna daihti a vaw tlô haw.Adyhna; ahaona; alyna; âpalaina; âreisinaAhrupa; arupa; asohpa; Athaipa; Athipa; Atlâhleipa(1) Moh Vyuhpa (Pronoun) thokha liata Biehmiapa châta "A-a" he hmâh awpa a châ.Pamosana:Ahropa; ama; amo; ano; ahy(2) Biepazaona (Conjunction) thokha liata "A-a" he Biehmiapa châta hmâh awpa a châ.Pamosana:Amadeicha; amadeikuacha; anodeikua; anodeikuacha(3) Biebaipa (Adverb) thokha liata "A-a" he Biehmiapa châta hmâh awpa a châ.Pamosana:Atahmâ, atamy, atanoh, atakô, atavia, atazâ(4) "Re" level ta parosapa "A-a" he Biepi thokha liata Biehmiapa châta hmâh awpa a châ.Pamosana:Adi, aduah, akhy, alyu, aly, aty, atyuh, avy, azaw, azia (5) Biepiena nata Ahawna liata Moh/Moh Vyuhpa he sâkhapa (Singular) a châ khiahla "A-a" he Biehmiapa châta hmâh awpa a châ.Pamosana:Avy teh u, beih-lei tlo a châ kawpa ta rao ei suh u.—Ât 11:3.He lâ avy tua!He rakhô liata azia pasaihpa châ vei.Ngiachhiepa ta akhy tua bei.Raihria tiama achhuah chyu muh vy.(6) Veipa Bietlâh (Negative Sentence) liata "A-a" he Biepi (Verb) Biehmiapa châta hmâh awpa a châ.Pamosana:Ei viasazy avy mâh veih ei.Sisi atyuh mâh vei.Atlâhleipa aduah thei mâh vei.Eima viasâzy adi mâh veih ei.(7) "A-a" he Sâhluhpa (Plural) liata Biepi (Verb), Moh Vyuhpa Biehmiapa châta hmâh awpa a châ.Pamosana:Na viasâzy amâ di mâh ma?Ei viasâzy adi mâh veih ei.Atlâhleipazy amâ tyuh thei ma?Atlâhleipazy atyuh thei veih ei. II. Pazao lei awpa "A-a" nata "Â-â""A-a" he Moh Vyuhpa châta hmâ tita pazao lei awpa a châ.Pamosana: Na narônô cha a chyhsazy nata a Khazohpa lâ a kua haw. (Ruthi 1:15)A tlâh bao ma?—Ât 29:6.Sisi kha olâ â di mâh ma?Atlâhleipa â tyuh thei mâh ma?Vahlai a khy ma?Abeipa Zisu â zu bâ aw.Ei paw a sie haw.Noh a palo kaw.Ei no a di hmeiseih.Sisi â vy cheingei aw. (1) "Pa" ta a chhâpa Biepipa, Biebaipa hmia liata a ypa "A-a" he a nanopa ta ro awpa a châ:Pamosana:He lâ a vypa ama y ma?Laihsa a chareipenawh amâ di haw.Rei a ngiahpa hawti rai y veih ei.Thopi a do khohpa nama y ma? A pihthai kawpa laihsanô cha ei hmô khoh kaw.Bo.11Daihti ReizieNoh nata Thla, daihtizy eima rei tyh nahta chhâthieh thyutliapazy ta Mara reih ta noh nata thla mohzy a pahno khao leipazy eima y ha ba. Nohkhanoh, Nohnonoh, Nohthôhnoh tahpa ta eima reih lymâ haw. Mara reih ta Noh nata thla mohzy cha he hawhta:Hâta Kha liata noh a ypa mohzy:Hriatuanoh (Monday)Hriaheihnoh (Tuesday)Pakhynoh (Wednesday)Pohbiehnoh (Thursday)Chutyhnoh (Friday)Pachynoh (Saturday)Abeipanoh (Sunday)Kô kha chhôh thla a ypa mohzy:Nawh (January)Hmypi (February)Pamih (March)Pachawh (April)Patô (May)Chhiepa (June)Khihpa (July)Thlazoh (August)Thlarâh (September)Phiata (October)Phiapi (November)Di (December)Bo.12NawhbawMara reih ta nawhbaw reizie chhao hnei pi ta, eima pahno cheingei awpa â byuh.1 (kha); miakha, sâkha10 (sy); sykha100 (za); zakha1,000 (sâh); sâhkha10,000 (thy); thykha100,000 (thysy); thysykha1,000,000 (thyza); thyzakha10,000,000 (thysâh); thysâhkha100,000,000 (thythy); thythykha; maokha1,000,000,000 (thythysy)10,000,000,000 (thythyza)100,000,000,000 (thythysâh)1,000,000,000,000 (thythythy)Bo.13Mara Mohchho Papôhsa Lymâ Awpa Reih he â vaw nano laih lymâpa hawhta, hmo thiehpa eima hmô beih leipazy chhao a vaw pôh via laih lymâ vâta Mara reih chhao eima parôhnahsa via, papôhsa via lymâ awpa â byuh.Nochhi Mara mozy pi ta Tlôsai reih he eima thai hmeiseih leipa vâta châbuzy eima tao tita Tlôsai reih deisai châ leipa ta, Chapi-Ngephe, Tisi-Ratuh, Lialai-Heima reihzy chhao pahlao pâ thlâh awpa a châ. Chatanachata Mara reih arôhnahzie chhao a vaw lâpasia via laih aw ta, Mara mohchhozy chhao a vaw pôh via lymâ aw. Tlôsai reih ta a y leipa, eima pahno pha khao leipa mohchhozy he Lialai-Heima reih ta tlyma, Chapi-Ngephe reih ta tlyma, Tisi-Ratuh reih ta tlyma vaw y thei ta, eima pahno via thei hra.Eima mahnô-mahpaw chhâ nota Computer, Internet, Motor zy y mâh leipa ta Mara reih ta cha hawhpa hmo mohzy hnei hra ma pi. Chhâthieh hmo mohzy he bi lymâ, tao lymâ theipa a châ khiah cha, Mara mohchho chhao a vaw pôh via lymâ aw.Mara reih ta eima hnei mâh leipa mohchhozy eima tao nota, reikah thiehpa eima taochhyh tita Mara Biehrai he â mopâ theipa a châ. Mara Biehrai liata Khih moh, râh moh, chyhsa moh, sahroh moh, thliena moh, lônah moh, hmo moh, etc zy eima hmô thei. Pamosana:Gram = Kram (Eze 4:10)Kilogram = Kilôkram (1 Ab. 10:17; Ezr 2:69)Apostle = Apôstôl (Mohvyuhpa)Pencil = pihsi (Hmo moh)Jentile = Zenitai (Chi-pho moh)Rome = Rawma (Khihpi moh)Jordan = Zawdâh (Râh moh)Jerusalem = Zerusale (Khihpi moh)Israel = Izarel (Râh-phopi moh)Italy = Itali (Râh moh)Pharisees = Pharisai (Py moh)Dragon = Drakao (Sa moh)Topaz = Tôpazi (lônah moh)Crystal = Krystal (lônah moh)Babylon = Babylaw (Khih moh)Lebanon = Lebanaw (Râh moh)Exam = ezâh (Mohchho)Mile = Me (Thliena moh)Penticost = PentikawChrist = KristaPolice = Pulis (Mt 5:25)Meter = Metar (2Tr. 3:3)Kilometer = Kilômetar (Lk 24:13)Olive = Ôli (Biep 11:4)Reihpahmaohna (10 Min.)References:1.) Mara Grammar by Puhpa Zakia2.) Mara Karama by C. Laiki3.) Mara Biehraizy (RV, CL)4.) Maraland.net nata Maraland.org liata Machâ S. Hrachu zy, Rev Dr. Laiu Fachhai zy rohpa châpawzy